The scour hole around a bridge pier in natural rivers is caused by turbulent flow around the pier resulting in numerous bridge failures. The flow around a bridge pier is characterized by vortices, downflow, dynamic pressure, and a unique free surface profile.

Simulating the flow in the scour hole requires complex mesh and turbulence models, calibrated and validated according to the field data that measured and surveyed in the project.
 

Liao, C.T. and Yeh, K.C. (2014), “Study on Watershed’s Sediment Resources Management Topics.” Ministry of Science and Technology, Research Report.